Humming and Buzzing in Amplifiers323

Humming and buzzing are common problems in audio amplifiers, and can be caused by a variety of factors. Some of the most common causes include:
Ground loops
Power supply noise
Input noise
Component noise

Ground loops occur when there is more than one path for current to flow between two points in a circuit. This can create a loop, which can act as an antenna for electrical noise. The noise can then be amplified by the amplifier, resulting in humming or buzzing.

Power supply noise can be caused by a number of factors, including: ripple from the power supply transformer, noise from the power supply rectifier, and noise from the power supply filter capacitors. This noise can be coupled into the amplifier through the power supply lines, resulting in humming or buzzing.

Input noise can be caused by a number of factors, including: noise from the source device, noise from the input cables, and noise from the input stage of the amplifier. This noise can be amplified by the amplifier, resulting in humming or buzzing.

Component noise can be caused by a number of factors, including: thermal noise from resistors, shot noise from transistors, and flicker noise from capacitors. This noise can be amplified by the amplifier, resulting in humming or buzzing.

There are a number of things that can be done to reduce humming and buzzing in amplifiers. Some of the most common techniques include:
Using a star grounding scheme
Using a shielded power supply transformer
Using a low-noise power supply
Using shielded input cables
Using a low-noise input stage
Using high-quality components

By following these techniques, it is possible to significantly reduce humming and buzzing in amplifiers.

2025-01-25

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